ELCB and RCCB are not the same

ELCB and RCCB are not the same; they have different working principles, with the modern RCCB replacing the older ELCB. An ELCB (voltage-operated) detects an earth fault by monitoring for a voltage difference between the equipment's metal body and the earth. In contrast, an RCCB (current-operated) continuously compares the current in the live and neutral wires and trips when it detects an imbalance, making it a more sensitive and comprehensive safety device that doesn't require an earth connection to function.

ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)

How it works: Detects a voltage rise on the earth wire to identify a fault.

Requirements: Requires a proper earth connection to operate.

Function: Only detects earth faults that travel through the main earth wire.

Sensitivity: Less sensitive and slower to respond than an RCCB.

Application: Mostly found in older electrical installations 

RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)

How it works: Monitors the current balance between the live and neutral wires. If an imbalance is detected (meaning current is leaking elsewhere), it trips.

Requirements: Does not require an earth connection to function.

Function: Can detect earth faults and other leakage paths, such as through a person.

Sensitivity: Highly sensitive and responds much faster than an ELCB.

Application: Modern standard for new installations due to its broader and more reliable protection